R Graphics Cookbook: Practical Recipes for Visualizing Data, 2nd Edition

This O’Reilly cookbook provides more than 150 recipes to help scientists, engineers, programmers, and data analysts generate high-quality graphs quickly—without having to comb through all the details of R’s graphing systems. Each recipe tackles a specific problem with a solution you can apply to your own project and includes a discussion of how and why the recipe works.

Most of the recipes in this second edition use the updated version of the ggplot2 package, a powerful and flexible way to make graphs in R. You’ll also find expanded content about the visual design of graphics. If you have at least a basic understanding of the R language, you’re ready to get started with this easy-to-use reference.

• Use R’s default graphics for quick exploration of data
• Create a variety of bar graphs, line graphs, and scatter plots
• Summarize data distributions with histograms, density curves, box plots, and more
• Provide annotations to help viewers interpret data
• Control the overall appearance of graphics
• Explore options for using colors in plots
• Create network graphs, heat maps, and 3D scatter plots
• Get your data into shape using packages from the tidyverse

Q&A with Winston Chang, author of “R Graphics Cookbook: Practical Recipes for Visualizing Data”

Q. Why is your book timely?

A. Interest in R for data analysis and visualization has exploded in recent years. In the computer-tech world, computers and networks have made it much easier to gather and organize data, and more and more people have recognized that there’s useful information to be found. To illustrate, consider the job “data scientist”: this is a job title that didn’t even exist five years ago, and now it’s one of the hottest tickets on the market.

At the same time, there’s been a swell of interest in R in its more traditional setting, in science and engineering. I think there are many reasons for this. One, is that there’s a growing recognition outside of the computer-programmer world that learning a little programming can save you a lot of time and reduce errors. Another reason is that the last few years have seen an improvement in the user-friendliness of tools for using R.

So there’s a lot of interest in using R for finding information in data, and visualization an essential tool for doing this. Data visualizations can help you understand your data and find patterns when you’re in the exploratory phase of data analysis, and they are essential for communicating your findings to others.

Q. What information do you hope that readers of your book will walk away with?

A. As my book is a Cookbook, the primary goal is to efficiently present solutions for visualizing data, without demanding a large investment of time from the reader. For many readers, the goal is to just figure out how to make a particular type of graph and be done with it.

There are others who will want to gain a deeper understanding of how graphing works in R. For these readers, I’ve written an appendix on the graphing package ggplot2, which is used extensively in the recipes in the book. This appendix explains some of the concepts in the grammar of graphics, and how they relate to structures common to data visualizations in general.

Finally, I hope that readers will find ideas and inspiration for visualizing their data by browsing the pages and looking at the pictures.

Q. What’s the most exciting/important thing happening in your space?

A. I’m excited that R is becoming more and more accessible to users who don’t primarily identify as programmers. Many scientists, engineers, and data analysts have outgrown programs that provide canned data analysis routines, and they’re turning increasingly to R. The growing popularity of R is part of a virtuous circle: as R gains a larger user base, it encourages people to create better educational materials and programming tools for R, which in turn helps to grow the number of R users.

Technology-wise, I’m excited by Shiny, which is a framework for bringing R analyses to the web. (I should mention that this it’s part of my job to work on the development of Shiny.) This makes it possible to build interactive applications for data analysis and visualization for users who don’t need to know R, or even that the application is backed by R.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1. R Basics
Chapter 2. Quickly Exploring Data
Chapter 3. Bar Graphs
Chapter 4. Line Graphs
Chapter 5. Scatter Plots
Chapter 6. Summarized Data Distributions
Chapter 7. Annotations
Chapter 8. Axes
Chapter 9. Controlling The Overall Appearance Of Graphs
Chapter 10. Legends
Chapter 11. Facets
Chapter 12. Using Colors In Plots
Chapter 13. Miscellaneous Graphs
Chapter 14. Output For Presentation
Chapter 15. Getting Your Data Into Shape
Appendix A. Understanding Ggplot2